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The orange-bellied parrot (''Neophema chrysogaster'') is a small broad-tailed parrot endemic to southern Australia, and one of only two species of parrot that migrate. It was described by Latham in 1790. A small parrot around long, it exhibits sexual dimorphism. The adult male is distinguished by its bright grass-green upperparts, yellow underparts and orange belly patch. The adult female and juvenile are duller green in colour. All birds have a blue frontal band and blue outer wing feathers. The orange-bellied parrot breeds in Tasmania and winters near the coast, foraging on saltmarsh species, beach or dune plants and a variety of exotic weed species〔Background and implementation information for the Orange-bellied Parrot Recovery Plan, The Orange-bellied Parrot Recovery Team (2006), Department of Primary Industries and Water (DPIW), Hobart, p. 13〕 on southern mainland Australia. The diet consists of seeds and berries of small coastal grasses and shrubs. With only 44 wild birds known to be alive after the summer 2012/13 breeding season,〔Orange-bellied Parrot National Recovery Team Annual Report 2012/13 (October 2013), p 6〕 it is regarded as a critically endangered species. Orange-bellied parrots are being bred in a captive breeding program with parrots in Taroona, Tasmania, Healesville Sanctuary, Adelaide Zoo, Melbourne Zoo, Halls Gap Zoo, Moonlit Sanctuary Wildlife Conservation Park and Priam Parrot Breeding Centre. The captive population consists of around 300 birds, with a target of 350 birds by 2016–17.〔 Because of the decline in the wild population in recent years, an additional 21 birds from the wild population were captured in 2010–2011 to improve the genetic diversity of the species' captive breeding program. Taken as a whole, the captive population, an example of ''ex situ'' conservation, is termed an "insurance population" against extinction. ==Taxonomy and naming== The orange-bellied parrot was first described by ornithologist John Latham as ''Psittacus chrysogaster'' in 1790, from a specimen (since lost) that had been collected from Adventure Bay in Tasmania in March 1773 on the second voyage of James Cook or in January 1777 on his third voyage, and subsequently been in Joseph Banks' collection. The specific name was derived from the Ancient Greek words ''chrysos'' 'golden' and ''gaster'' 'belly'. John Gould described it in 1841 as ''Euphema aurantia'', from an adult male specimen collected in southeast Tasmania that became the lectotype.〔 The species name was the Latin adjective for "orange". T.J. Ewing named it ''Nanodes gouldii'', in honour of Gould, who he believed had discovered it.〔 Italian ornithologist Tommaso Salvadori erected the new genus ''Neophema'' in 1891, placing the orange-bellied parrot within it and giving it its current scientific name. One of six species of grass parrot in the genus ''Neophema'', one of four classified in the subgenus ''Neonanodes''; it is most closely related to the rock parrot, the other two species being the blue-winged and elegant parrots. No subspecies are recognised. It has previously been known as the 'orange-breasted parrot'—a name given to the orange-bellied parrot in 1926 by the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union or RAOU (now Birdlife Australia) when the word 'belly' was considered inelegant. Other names include yellow-bellied parrot, orange-bellied grass-parakeet, and trumped-up corella. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orange-bellied parrot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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